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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kop- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fist 2 wrist face="Times New Roman Star"1 кулак 2 запястье face="Times New Roman Star"qoboq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qowades 1, Krg. qofades? ( < *Kop-adyl/) face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq 'arthritis of metacarpus' face="Times New Roman Star"Дыбо 194 (though hardly a loanword). face="Times New Roman Star"*jAgyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 chap, saddle-gall on back of an animal 2 wound, chafe on human body face="Times New Roman Star"1 ссадина на спине животного 2 рана, ссадина на человеческом теле face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ir 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jeg|i(r) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"d/u:r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?awyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jawyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"z?awyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 65, TMN 4, 183. External evidence suggests that this root should be kept distinct from *jagyr, *jagryn 'back, shoulderblade' (v. sub *dagV ). face="Times New Roman Star"*syry- ? *sary- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to defecate (of a dog) face="Times New Roman Star"испражняться (о собаке) face="Times New Roman Star"syry- ? sary- (MK) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 845. face="Times New Roman Star"*sEn|ir face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 outer angle 2 protruding edge of a mountain or wall face="Times New Roman Star"1 внешний угол 2 выступ горы или стены face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ir 1, 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ir 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"senir (dial.) 'hill between valleys, ridge between mountains' face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ir 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ir 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 410, EDT 840, Лексика 98, ЭСТЯ 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*jary face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 leather 2 pellicle face="Times New Roman Star"1 кожа 2 кожица face="Times New Roman Star"jary 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jary (AH ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aryg| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jaru: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sary: 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"hary: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jary 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jari 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 146; Лексика 384, Stachowski 98. face="Times New Roman Star"*imiti ( ? *ymyt) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of hawthorn face="Times New Roman Star"вид боярышника face="Times New Roman Star"imiti (Rach.) (can also be read as ymyt) face="Times New Roman Star"ДТС 209. Attested only in Old Uyghur, but having possible parallels in Tung. and Jpn. Turk. > Mong. imidi (the word has been pointed out by Stefan Georg, who found it out in Позднеев: Учебник тибетской медицины (1908 г.), 339); cf. also WMong. imdij, Khalkha imdij 'боярышник полуперистый' (БАМРС). The Turkic word is, of course, not from Mongolian (which certainly has a borrowed shape with -d- in front of -i). face="Times New Roman Star"*go"ju"- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 capers 2 ferment for milk 3 a k. of fermented milk drink face="Times New Roman Star"1 каперсы 2 закваска для молока 3 вид квашенного молочного напитка face="Times New Roman Star"go"ju"l 1 face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|velek 2, k@w|ve- 'to ferment' face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jo"rgo" 2, ku"o"rc?ex 3; ko"ju"n- 'to ferment' (der. ko":nn/o"r-) face="Times New Roman Star"ko":rc?o"k 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Егоров 103. Kirgh. > Kalm. ko":rc@g (see differently in KW 244, Лексика 451). face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"b- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be proud, arrogant, enjoy self-respect 2 to hope 3 proud face="Times New Roman Star"1 быть гордым, надменным 2 надеяться 3 гордый face="Times New Roman Star"ku"vez 3, ku"ven- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"vez 3, ku"ven- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"ven- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ven- 1 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu"va"n- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"go"vne- 'to approve' face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jez 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ja"d| 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, EDT 690, ЭСТЯ 3, 91-92. face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"r/el face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beautiful face="Times New Roman Star"красивый face="Times New Roman Star"gu"zel face="Times New Roman Star"ku"zel (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"gu.zal face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"go"zel face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zo"l face="Times New Roman Star"ko"zel face="Times New Roman Star"go"za"l face="Times New Roman Star"guzal/ (K) face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 63-64, VEWT 295. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice face="Times New Roman Star"критиковать, злобствовать face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAs-tyrma face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"penthouse face="Times New Roman Star"навес face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"basturma (R - Zenker ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|stirma face="Times New Roman Star"bassyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"bastyrma face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 528. Formally derived from *bastyr- 'to cause to press' - which seems rather far-fetched semantically. We may deal here rather with a compound of *bas + *terme 'wall, building', secondary influenced by *bastyr-ma, *bastyr-yk 'pole for fixing hay and sheaves', see ЭСТЯ 2, 76-77. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogur- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to take out, pull out face="Times New Roman Star"вытаскивать, выдергивать face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ur- (sug|ur-) (MK ) 'to gulp down' face="Times New Roman Star"suyr- face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ur-, suwur- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"sug|ur- face="Times New Roman Star"sug|u(r)- face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ur- face="Times New Roman Star"su:r- face="Times New Roman Star"su:r- face="Times New Roman Star"su:r- face="Times New Roman Star"su:r- face="Times New Roman Star"suwyr- face="Times New Roman Star"suwyr- face="Times New Roman Star"huyr-, hur- face="Times New Roman Star"suwur- face="Times New Roman Star"suwyr- face="Times New Roman Star"soxur- face="Times New Roman Star"suwur- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 432, EDT 816 (confused with sogur- 'to drain off, dry off' - probably a different root, see *sog-, *sogul-), ЭСТЯ 7. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogra- ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to search (through) 2 to ask face="Times New Roman Star"1 обыскивать 2 спрашивать face="Times New Roman Star"sog|rut- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"sora- 1, sorag|aq 'search, perquisition' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?yra- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 816. Федотов 2, 466-467 derives the Chuv. form < *so:r(a)- 'ask' (v. sub *so:/ra ), but the initial s?- remains unclear in both cases. Because of this, and because of the Hapax nature of the OT form the it is actually not quite clear whether the root *sogra- exists at all. An argument in its favour is the semantic match between OT and Chagatai and the resulting semantic distinction (*'search (through)') from *so:r(a)- 'ask'. face="Times New Roman Star"*sogly- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to thrust the hand (into one's bosom) face="Times New Roman Star"засовывать руку (за пазуху) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|ly- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 810. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAlyg face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wounded face="Times New Roman Star"раненый face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"palyg| face="Times New Roman Star"palyg| face="Times New Roman Star"balu face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| face="Times New Roman Star"balyg| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 53, EDT 335, ЭСТЯ 2, 88-89. Turk. > Bur. bala 'bruise, injury'. face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be destroyed, ruined 2 to destroy face="Times New Roman Star"1 разрушаться, разоряться 2 разрушать face="Times New Roman Star"bo"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"OKypch. bu"l- 'to remove, fire' (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"bu"lu"n- 'to be alarmed' face="Times New Roman Star"bu"lin- 1, bu"ldir- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bo"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu"l- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 92, EDT 332. face="Times New Roman Star"*sAg[u]n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"arrow, arrow head face="Times New Roman Star"стрела, наконечник стрелы face="Times New Roman Star"sag|an (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|an face="Times New Roman Star"sog|on, so:n face="Times New Roman Star"sog|un face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 426, ЭСТЯ 7. Stachowski (193) relates here also Yak. ono-g|os, Dolg. ono-gos 'arrow', which may be right if onog|os < *sagun-gac? with secondary vowel shortening (although the root should be kept distinct from *sokym / *sokan, derived from *sok- 'to pierce, hit' - medial *-g- cannot be explained). See also notes to *sAgut 'vessel'. face="Times New Roman Star"*ToK- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"weasel face="Times New Roman Star"ласка face="Times New Roman Star"totxanax (Sag.) face="Times New Roman Star"toqynas, toqumas, toqumdas (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"toqtonoq face="Times New Roman Star"toqtan (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485. A local Syberian form, probably a compound of the expected *dog- with some obscure second component (possibly *dog-kumtyr/ 'weasel-beaver'). face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bind, fetters, harness face="Times New Roman Star"связывать, оковы, упряжь face="Times New Roman Star"c?akyl- 'to be bound, fastened' (of yoke animals), c?ag|an 'camel fetters' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|an 'camel fetters' face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqy 'stick for binding horses' face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyldaq 'rope harness' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 94, 96 (but Oyr. c?aky is regarded as borrowed < Mong. c?aqu, on which see *c?`ak`V ). face="Times New Roman Star"*jaka face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rent, lease face="Times New Roman Star"плата, наем face="Times New Roman Star"jaqa (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 898.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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